Associat Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran.
10.22080/jpir.2026.32621.1621
Abstract
The geopolitical transition of the global energy system, marked by intensifying great-power competition, energy market volatility, geopolitical transformations in producing regions, and the accelerating energy transition, has reshaped the energy security calculus of states. As one of the world’s majors and rapidly growing economies, India faces simultaneous strategic opportunities and challenges due to rising energy demand and substantial dependence on imported oil, natural gas, and coal. The central question of this study is: “How does the geopolitical transition of the global energy system affect India’s energy security?” The study hypothesizes that “while this transition creates opportunities for diversifying energy sources and partners and enhancing India’s bargaining power, it also generates new geopolitical and geoeconomic vulnerabilities.” Adopting a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on library and internet-based research, this study finds that US-China competition, energy relations with Russia, dependence on the Middle East, and vulnerabilities along energy transit routes significantly affect India’s energy security. Accordingly, diversification, energy diplomacy, and the development of clean energy constitute key pillars of India’s strategic energy resilience.
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Rafie, H. (2026). India’s Energy Security amid the Geopolitical Transition of the Global Energy System: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(2), 155-186. doi: 10.22080/jpir.2026.32621.1621
MLA
Hossein Rafie. "India’s Energy Security amid the Geopolitical Transition of the Global Energy System: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges", Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9, 2, 2026, 155-186. doi: 10.22080/jpir.2026.32621.1621
HARVARD
Rafie, H. (2026). 'India’s Energy Security amid the Geopolitical Transition of the Global Energy System: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges', Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(2), pp. 155-186. doi: 10.22080/jpir.2026.32621.1621
CHICAGO
H. Rafie, "India’s Energy Security amid the Geopolitical Transition of the Global Energy System: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges," Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9 2 (2026): 155-186, doi: 10.22080/jpir.2026.32621.1621
VANCOUVER
Rafie, H. India’s Energy Security amid the Geopolitical Transition of the Global Energy System: Strategic Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Politics and International Relations, 2026; 9(2): 155-186. doi: 10.22080/jpir.2026.32621.1621
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