Duality of Societal and Political Modernity; Ethnic Movement and Politics of Difference as situational uprising in the democratic Life

Document Type : Original Article

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Post-doc researcher and lecturer, Munich, Germany

10.22080/jpir.2026.30752.1522

Abstract

Citizenship as a domain of possibility has led to construction of a micropolitics in the democratic life that tries to make the power accountable by recognizing the differences and the pluralistic strategies. The advent of this social formation as a fourth world of politics acts as the agent of radical changes to recognize the plural identities based on the criticism of the current power. By depleting the organizational life of politics, ethnicity and the difference politics as the duality between the positional power and oppositional resistance has tried to present in the modern power to empower the capacity of liveability in order to play as political agents by the priority of societal scheme to political one. The rising of political situation will interpret the political representation as demanding the possibility from the impossibility based on the recognizing the ethnic identity. Accordingly, the main research question of this paper is how possible is the relation between ethnic movement and political representation? Based on the main hypothesis, the politics of presence is known as a political wealth of ethnic groups to manage the radical version of politics in order to invite them to civic life of the relation between representatives and voters. The finding shows that without the democratic infrastructures, the ethnic movement will show off as an invalid thought the despite of complementing the strategic comprehensiveness, will turn the political face of ethnicity of security not social visage. Based on the critical method and substantive representation, the hypothesis will be tested.

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