The evolution of the liberal international order and the challenges ahead

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 tarbiat modares university

2 Professor of International Relations, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 ستاد روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشکده روابط بین الملل وزارت امور خارجه، تهران، ایران

4 Associate Professor of International Relations, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

10.22080/jpir.2026.30413.1483

Abstract

The liberal international order as a project that was placed on the agenda of Western countries, especially the United States, especially after World War II. The idea according to which the liberal international order crystallized and evolved can be framed under the title of liberal internationalism. This research, by posing the main question about how the liberal international order evolved, proposes the following hypothesis that "the liberal international order, having gone through three periods, the low-quality liberal order, the moderate-quality liberal order of the Cold War, and the high-quality liberal order of the hegemonic United States, has faced challenges in the inadequacy of the agenda and the weakness of the agent of this liberal international order project as a convergent and unifying order." The method used in this research is qualitative and analytical and library resources have been used.The liberal international order as a project that was placed on the agenda of Western countries, especially the United States, especially after World War II.The method used in this research is qualitative and analytical and library resources have been used.The liberal international order as a project that was placed on the agenda of Western countries, especially the United States, especially after World War II.

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