Explaining the reasons for the lack of development of environmental movements in Iran based on Taro and McAdam's theory of political opportunity

Objective: Today, environmental movements have become an integral part of the governance structure in developed countries. But in Iran, despite the extent of the environmental crises, no widespread environmental movements have yet been formed to turn them into a concern for politicians. The purpose of this article is to explain the reasons for the lack of institutionalization of environmental movements in Iran. The main question is "What are the factors of non-institutionalization of environmental movements in Iran?" Method: For this purpose, a qualitative (documentary) method and by analyzing documents and content produced in this field has been researched. Findings: The findings of the research show that the alliance of elites in suppressing social movements, especially environmental ones, the existence of political and ideological obstacles in the political environment for their entry into the body of the political system as political parties or pressure groups, stability and era unity. the pillars of government, The awareness of the ruling body and politicians close to the government about the challenging nature of social movements for them and the lack of access to effective political allies has blocked the way of any access to political opportunities for environmental movements and has failed them from the institutionalization process. Conclusion: The theory of political opportunities explains the lack of institutionalization and evolution of social movements in Iran, especially environmental movements, with high accuracy. In the framework of this theory, the lack of evolution of environmental movements is affected by internal factors, especially the alliance of elites