Document Type : Original Article
Author
assistant professor, Bu Ali Sina University, hamedan, Iran
10.22080/jpir.2020.2950
Abstract
The melting of ice, could change international power relations. The discovery of new maritime routes, the shortening of communication route between the west and the east, the discovery of strategic resources, the issue of disputed borders, the Canada-Norway conflict, tensions between the United States and republic of China, and etc., can be examined in this context. The main question is why the Greenland can change the Geo-politics and power politics in the international context? The hypothesis of present research is formulated in such a way that the competition between the internal and external powers of the region, the Geo-economy and changing regional and international regimes have made Greenland as a new Geo political Hotspot in the regional and international system, and affecting power relations in the international system. The aim of this study is to elucidate the interactions of Geo-economics and Geo-politics in the Greenland region (as a Danish territory) and turn it into a Hotspot in the future of international relations and international system. This study is in terms of purpose, developmental, in terms of method, descriptive- explanatory and in terms of, information gathering, library study method.Key Words;
Keywords
دهقانی فیروزآبادی، سیدجلال (1377). «نظریه نهادگرایی نئولیبرال و همکاری های بین المللی» فصلنامه سیاست خارجی، شماره 47.
رحمتی، رضا (1398). «مدل امنیتی سازی نوردیک: گذار محیط زیست از امر امنیتی به امر عادی»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، دوره 22، شماره 86، شماره پیاپی 4، زمستان، صفحه 123-150.
رحمتی، رضا (1399). «ژئواکونومی و نظم منطقه ای (مطالعه موردی نوردیک، شرق آسیا و خاورمیانه)»، فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصاد سیاسی بین الملل، در دست انتشار.
صیرفی، ساسان (1394). «تعیین حد خارجی فلات قاره: بررسی ماده 76 کنوانسیون حقوق دریاها»، مطالعات حقوق عمومی، دوره 45، بهار، شماره 1، 123 – 148.
(2018) “How Greenland Could Become China's Arctic Base” [Accessed At 9 April 2020], AVAILABLE IN Https://Www.Bbc.Com/News/World-Europe-46386867.
ad, Ulrik, Graugaard, Holgersen, Jacobsen, Lave, and Schriver. 2018. “Imagining China on Greenland's Way to Independence”, Arctic Yearbook 2018, (manuscript submitted).
Andersson, Patrik, Jesper Willaing Zeuthen & Per Kalvig (2019), “Chinese Mining in Greenland: Arctic Access or Access to Minerals?” Arctic Yearbook.
Archer, Clive (1988), ‘General Features of Political Development and Possibilities for Cooperation in the Arctic’, Current Research on Peace and Violence, 11: 137 – 45
Barkham, Patrick (2016) “Greenland: the country set to cash in on climate change” Available in: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/23/climate-change-in-greenland-adaptation-we-simply-refuse-to-be-victimised.
Bennet, Mia. 2018. “The Controversy over Greenland Airports Shows China isn’t Fully Welcome in the Arctic — Yet”, [Accessed 2 April 2020]. Available in: https://www.arctictoday.com/controversy-greenland-airports-shows-china-still-unwelcomearctic/
Brady, Anne-Marie (2017), China as a Polar Great Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cang Chen (2012) ‘China’s Emerging Arctic Strategy’, The Polar Journal, 2.2, 369.
Dodds, K., & Sidaway, J. (2004). Halford Mackinder and the 'Geographical Pivot of History': A Centennial Retrospective. The Geographical Journal, 170(4), 292-297.
Dodds, Klaus and Valur Ingimundarson (2012) “Territorial Nationalism and Arctic Geopolitics: Iceland as an Arctic Coastal State”, The Polar Journal, 2:1, 21-27.
Doornbos M (2003). "Good Governance: The Metamorphosis of Policy Metaphor", Journal of International Affairs; No. 1, 3-17. 13. Doornbos. B (March 2004). How Well Do Measurements of an Environment for Development Stand Up: A Paper Prepare for the Technical Group of 24.General. 8-9. UNCTAD.
Dunbar, M.J. (1950), ‘Greenland During and Since the Second World War,’ International Journal, 1:2, 121-140.
Hoel, Alf Håkon (2009), ‘Do We Need a New Legal Regime for the Arctic Ocean?’, The International Journal of Maritime and Coastal Law, 24: 443–56.
Jacobson, Linda, and Jingchao Peng. 2012. China's Arctic Aspirations. Solna, Sweden: SIPRI, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Jares, Vladimir (2009). “The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: The Work of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and the Arctic”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 42, 1265-1305.
John Agnew, Political Geography: A Reader (London: Arnold, 1997), 1.
Kalvig, Per, and Machacek Erika. 2018. “Examining the Rare Earth Elements (REE) SupplyDemand Balance for Future Global Wind Power Scenarios”, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 41, 2018: 87-90.
Kristian Fischer (1993) “The Modernization of the US Radar at Thule, Greenland”, Journal of Peace Research, 30:1, 7-20.
Lackenbauer, P. Whitney, Adam Lajeunesse, Frederic Lasserre, and James Manicom. 2018. China's Arctic Ambitions and What They Mean for Canada. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
Lanteigne, Marc. 2014. China's Emerging Arctic Strategies: Economics and Institutions. Reykjavík: University of Iceland Press.
Lassi Heininen, Heather Exner-Pirot, & Joël Plouffe, (2015), “Arctic Yearbook 2015” University of Lapland.
Øyvind Østerud and Geir Hønneland (2014) “Geopolitics and International Governance in the Arctic”, Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 5, 2/2014 pp. 156–176.
Pedersen, Torbjørn (2012), ‘Debates over the Role of the Arctic Council’, Ocean Development and International Law, 43: 146 –56.
Rasmussen, Mikkel Vedby (2002) “A Parallel Globalization of Terror: 9–11, Security and Globalization”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 37(3): 323–349.
Rasmussen, Mikkel Vedby (2013), “Greenland Geopolitics: Globalisation and Geopolitics in the New North” Background Paper for the Committee for Greenlandic Mineral Resources to the Benefit of Society, University of Copenhagen, Pp: 1-30.
Simons, Paul (2019), “Exploiting Greenland’s Natural Resources” [Accessed at: 9 April 2020], available in: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/exploiting-greenlands-natural-resources-gn37mdkrh
Sören Scholvin (2014) The Geopolitics of Regional Power: Geography, Economics and Politics in Southern Africa, Routledge.
Stokke, Olav Schram (2006), ‘A Legal Regime for the Arctic? Interplay with the Law of the Sea Convention’, Marine Policy 31: 402–8; Hoel, Alf Håkon (2009), ‘Do We Need a New Legal Regime for the Arctic Ocean?’, The International Journal of Maritime and Coastal Law, 24: 443–56; and Young, Oran R. (2011), ‘If an Arctic Treaty is not the Solution, What is the Alternative?’, Polar Record, 47: 327–34
Stokke, Olav Schram (2006), a Legal Regime for the Arctic? Interplay with the Law of the Sea Convention’, Marine Policy 31: 402-8.
Tim Boersma And Kevin Foley (2014), The Greenland Gold Rush, Brookings Center.
Timothy William & James Smith (2017), “Search and Rescue in the Arctic”, RAND Corporation.
Zeuthen, Jesper (2017) “Part of the Master Plan? Chinese Investment in Rare Earth Mining in Greenland” Arctic Yearbook 2017.
Milliken, J. (1999), The Study Of Discourse In International Relations:: A Critique Of Research And Methods. European Journal of International Relations, 5(2), 225–254.
Ashley, R. (1996), The Achievements of Post-Structuralism, In S. Smith, K. Booth, & M. Zalewski (Eds.), International Theory: Positivism And Beyond (Pp. 240-253). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Müller, Martin (2010), “Doing Discourse Analysis in Critical Geopolitics” L'espace Politique, Pp: 1-21.
Tunander, O. (2001). Swedish-German Geopolitics for A New Century: Rudolf Kjellén's ‘The State As A Living Organism’. Review Of International Studies, 27(3), 451-463.
OEC, (2020), “Greenland” [Accessed at 2 April 2020], Available in: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/grl/#Imports
)