Regionalism in Africa from the School of Copenhagen

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, Tehran East Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Graduate Student, International Relations Department, Electronic Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22080/jpir.2019.15777.1068

Abstract

For a long time, African leaders have long been working to bring about the continent's development, taking into account the internal and international developments, while adopting a regionalization strategy for the unification of the African continent. With the establishment and emergence of the "African Unity Organization" and the evolution of its development, which led to the creation of the African Union in the field of structural equations in the African region, an intra-regional mechanism was established among the member states in order to comprehensively address political factors , Economic, cultural, common security, and promote the process of regional cooperation and regionalism. The security and economic situation in the African region, both under the influence of both state actors and transnational actors, has created a process of regionalism development that has prevented the prospects and objectives from being achieved easily.
On the other hand, in line with developments in the world and the region, African countries have recognized the need for greater solidarity and solidarity to meet the goals of the African Union in order to cope with the challenges facing Africa. In this paper, to study the regional convergence process in Africa, in addition to examining the structural barriers in Africa, the discussion of security issues and its implications for African growth and development is considered as a decisive element.
The authors are trying to examine the regionalization in Africa using the Copenhagen School with a descriptive-analytical approach.

Keywords


اولف، انگل و اولسن، گورم رای (2005)، آفریقا و کشورهای شمال: بین جهانی شدن و به حاشیه رفتن، ترجمه بخشی، احمد، تهران: وزارت امور خارجه، مرکز چاپ و انتشارات.
بوزان، باری، (1983)، مناطق و قدرت ها: ساختار امنیت بین الملل، ترجمـه قهرمـان پور، رحمـان، تهـران: پژوهشـکده مطالعـات راهبردی.
بوزان، باری(1379)، «آشنایی با مکتب کپنهاگ در حوزه مطالعات امنیتی»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، سال سوم، شماره سوم.
بهادرخانی، محمدرضا و محمدی دارابی، علی اصغر(1396). «تحول در مفهوم نظم بین الملل»، فصلنامه راهبرد سیاسی، دوره 1، شماره 3، زمستان، صص 89-117.
حاجی مینه، رحمت(1392)، «مکتب کپنهاگ؛ آموزه ها و مفاهیم»، خبرنامه مطالعات جهان، سال اول، شماره 2،  بهار، صص 15-19.
طالشی صالحانی، حسین(1380)، «قارّه آفریقا: از سازمان وحدت آفریقا تا اتّحادیه آفریقا»، فصلنامه مطالعات آفریقا، - شماره 4، پاییز و زمستان.
عبدالله خانی، علی(1383)،  نظریه های امنیت، مقدمه ای بر طرح ریزی دکترین امنیت ملّی، تهران: مؤسسه فرهنگی مطالعات و تحقیقات بین المللی ابرار معاصر تهران، جلد اول.
فارل، ماری، هتنه، بژورن و لانژن هوو، لوک وان (2005)، سیاست جهانی منطقه‎گرایی: تئوری و عمل، ترجمه آقایی، سید داوود و طاهری، ابراهیم، تهران: انتشارات خرسندی، چاپ اول.
کولایی، الهه (1389)، «جمهوری اسلامی ایران و ژئوپلیتیک قفقاز جنوبی»، مجله ژئوپلیتیک،  شماره 17، بهار، صص از 75 – 111.
مقیمی، سیدمحمد؛ سلیمی، سیدباقر و نوری، روح الله(1390)، نظامهای اداری تطبیقی پیشرفته، تهران: انتشارات نگاه دانش، چاپ اول.
نصری، قدیر(1384)، «تأملی روش شناختی بر مکتب بافتار منطقه ای امنیت»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، شماره 29.
Buzan, Barry, (1983), People, states and fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations, London, Harvester: Wheatsheaf, London, p. 105.
Buzan, Barry, (1994), «National Security in the PostCold War Third World», Strategic Review of South Africa, vol. XVI, n° 1,  p. 1-55.
Buzan, Barry, (1991), "New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century." International Affaips, p. 431-451.
Buzan, Barry, (1981), People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Buzan, Barry, (1998), "Security, the State, the "New World Order," and Beyond." On Security. Ed. Ronne D. Lipschutz. New York: Columbia Universtiy Press, ch.7.
Buzan, Barry, (2006), "The 'War on Terrorism' as the New 'Macro-Securitisation'?" Oslo Workshop. Oslo, p. 1-25.
Buzan, Barry; Waever, Ole; de Wilde, jaap, (1998), Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc.
Farrell, Mary; Björn Hettne and Luk van Langenhove, (2005), The Global Politics of Regionalism: Theory and Practice, London: Pluto Press.
Morgenthau, Hans J., (1973), Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 5th Ed, p. 198 - 386.
Waever, Ole, (1998), "Securitization and Desecuritization." On Security. Ed. Ronnie D. Lipschutz. New York: Columbia University Press, ch. 3.
Waever, Ole, (2004), "Copenhagen New Schools in Security Theory and their Origins between Core and Periphery", Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Montreal, March 17-20.
Waltz, Kenneth Neal, (1979), Theory of international politics, Addison-Wesley Pub, p.72-73
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252966354_REGIONALISM_IN_AFRICA_A_PART_OF_PROBLEM_OR_A_PART_OF_SOLUTION / Margaret LEE / January 2002.
https://www.mehrnews.com/news/3722724 مهرماه 1395/فاطمه محمدی/
http://www.slateafrique.com/101049/economie-croissance-pays-africain-anglophones-meilleurs-que-les-francophones / Marcus Boni Teiga/ 05/10/2016
http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20181119-union-africaine-sommet-addis-abeba-reformes-mode-emploi-ethiopie-kagame
https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20181117/african-union-extraordinary-summit-reforms-begins-aim-%E2%80%9C-make-africa-stronge